In today's power systems, grid parameters are usually monitored by controlling agents to ensure the quality of produced electrical energy. Uninterrupted service to the network customers and continuous power supply may be disrupted through various disturbances. On this basis, the network requires a completely reliable, fast, and precise protection system. The protection of distribution networks is controlled by overcurrent equipment, which is complicated with increasing penetration of distributed generation resources due to change in the direction of current. This paper investigates how these resources affect the coordinated performance of the network protection system and proposes a new solution with the aim of restoration and fixing the miscoordination problem. The proposed method could be implemented on traditional overcurrent protection equipment while being able to meet the challenge of protection coordination with the lowest cost. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Sediment transport phenomenon is considered as one of the important and Effective factors in hydraulic performance and morphological structure of the coasts. In addition, stable development, engineering proceedings and the selection of the most appropriate protection method for organization and stabilization of the coast, are depends on the quantity of sediment load. Therefore, the focus of this study is generally to estimate sediment transport rate, assess the impact of coastal forest cover (Green Belt) on decreasing sediment transport rate exposed to tsunami wave trend and to obtain the parametric model to each coastal area using SPSS software. Experiments were performed on the effectiveness of a mangrove tree to reduce tsunami energy, by a simulated polyethylene synthetic shrub structure, for two rectangular and triangular tree layouts, 3 input wave height of 6, 9 and 12 cm, constant and horizontal slope of the coast, 0. 35 mm sediment diameter and in terms of presence and absence of cover. . The results of this study show that despite forest cover, 41. 17% of coastal erosion and scour are prevented and it helps to stabilization and restoration the coasts. Also considering conditions such as triangular layout selection and increasing cover density, 7. 57% and 11. 20% respectively, leading to the improvement of the coastal condition. Finally, the parametric model and the experimental equation for estimating the sediment transport rate with the correlation coefficient equal to 0. 95, proposed as well.

Application of sunscreens is one of the most important ways for skin protection against sunburn, early skin aging and skin cancer.Due to variety of sunscreen products, it is necessary to assure their protection ability against the suns damages. Performance assessment of sunscreens against UVB expressed by sun protection factor. Due to great cost of determination methods of this factor in foreign countries, developing a comprehensive protocol for in vivo SPF determination in Iran would have distinct benefits.In this study four international standards have been reviewed and compared for Sun protection Factor (SPF) determination including ISO24444, FDA2011, AS/NZS 2604: 2012 and CEN 2006. The general process of in vivo SPF determination is similar in these protocols but there are some obvious differences in details that leading to advantages and disadvantages for each of them.In this study a complete document were collected, then regarding to available facilities and with cooperation of Iran food and drug organization a comprehensive in vivo SPF determination protocol will be developed.

Change and destruction of the environment by human activities, has been increased that results can be pointed out to the landscape change. This paper aims to determine the best scenario to protect and restore land cover changes in the future with an emphasis on the patches connection of natural vegetation. Predict the ecological impacts of management scenarios based on metrics values determine and then the best scenario-based TOPSIS method was selected. In addition, the implementation of the scenario of protection and restoration in the watershed Tajan will be reduce the number of patches from 7600 to 4657 patches in natural vegetation and will cause better connectivity that is a sign of decreasing degradation and fragmentation of the landscape in the study area. The approach used in this study the possibility of predicting the ecological results of land use for achieve the objectives of the assessment and better integrated management of the watershed changes provides.

Non-renewable natural resources play an important role in sustainable development of developing countries such as Iran. However, since the natural resources should be preserved for future generations, proper use of such resources seems mandatory. Women are one of the prime users of natural resources in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to assess the conservational behavior of rural women and factors influencing such behaviors regarding destruction, protection, and restoration of desert areas of Khuzestan province in Iran in a one-year period from Sep 2006 to Sep 2007. Rural women living in desert areas were interviewed in the process of data collection using multistage random sampling techniques. The results revealed that rural women played an essential role in the protection, restoration and destruction of natural resources. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between rural women's personal characteristics and their activities in utilization of natural resources. This implies that destruction of natural resources is not attributed to rural women's intentions. However, human basic needs such as searching for a place to live, unpredictable weather conditions, unawareness of conservational facts, financial difficulties, large-sized families, overgrazing, and using woods as fuel were the main reasons for destruction.

An innovative method applicable to saltmarsh habitat restoration using dredged sediment was tested. Biodegradable wooden sluice boxes were placed in eroded “pits” or pools in the damaged saltmarsh and dredged sediment was pumped to fill these pits up to the level suitable for saltmarsh flora colonisation. The sluice boxes were used to carefully control volumes and dewatering of dredged material to maximise the resultant fill level. Sediment was left to settle during periods of high tide and water was prevented from entering and mixing the deposited sludge. During low tide, the supernatant was drained off, enabling more material to be deposited. This technique helped develop a layer of substrate for pioneer halophytes to colonise, without loss of material through natural entrainment and deposition back into source sites. Increases in colonisation, consolidation, shear strength and bulk density of the newly placed sediment proved the suitability of this technique for habitat restoration.

Recent weather-related disasters experienced worldwide with considerable damages to the interconnected power infrastructure have highlighted the importance and urgency of enhancing the resiliency of the distribution grid. A Resilient distribution grid can withstand and recover from such rare events. Resiliency against extreme events is conceptualized in three distinct stages: prior, during, and after the event. Rapid recovery is a feature of after the event stage. In this paper, restoration strategies to restore maximum loads as quickly as possible are investigated. The proposed approach attempts to restore the critical loads by using tie-switches to reconfigure the network. In the case of isolated areas without the possibility of using upstream utility grid, sectionalizing the grid into several microgrids (MGs) is proposed to improve the system resiliency. The number of isolated MGs is an issue that is required to be correctly determined. So, a new approach is proposed to compromise between amount and reliability of supplied load to find the optimum number of MGs. The proposed method is simulated on the unbalanced IEEE-123 and 37-bus distribution grid with random locations for DERs.

Urban restoration has a wide comprehensive extent, and its success Is based on urban comprehensive planning. although The necessity of detailed planning for an old town is unavoidable.but in an old city that it contains valuable historical elements, considering The Inherent values including historical, artistic, functional and cultural values inherent in buildings are important. achieving this goal is possible through studying the construction periods and changes occurred in individual buildings throughout history based on the existing documents and surveys of existing buildings, distinguishing building periods and styles and finally comparing the dates of construction of different section of buildings.In this respect, while considering the preservation and restoration of the building form to Its historical condition, has the aim of preserving the form of the city in mind as well. therefore, part of the urban restoration stage is the identification of valuable buildings through a restoration perspective, this article partially considers the issue of urban renovation and analyses and evaluates its different perspectives.

Background and objectives: Forest and rangeland by-products, particularly medicinal plants, can contribute to sustainable development and increase economic opportunities for local communities. Medicinal plants play a significant role in society's health and disease treatment. Negligence to the preservation of medicinal heritage reserves in the field of natural resources will lead to disastrous consequences in the country's natural resources sector. Among these consequences are the rapid extinction of species and severe genetic erosion. Therefore, this study targets protection value and people's willingness to pay for medicinal plant protection and restoration.Methodology: The Salas Babajani region in Kermanshah province was chosen for this research. The vegetation in this area is mainly wooded, and most of the area is covered by dense forests. Due to its diverse topography, the Salas Babajani region has a variety of forest habitats and rangeland and forest medicinal plants. Asafoetida, Thyme, Hawthorn, Wormwood, Eremurus, Dog rose, Chamomile, Sweet violet, Oak, Ferulago, Common Thistle, Horsemint, licorice, etc., are among the medicinal plants of this region. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to estimate medicinal plants' non-use (protective) values in this study. Also, a Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice questionnaire was used to measure people's willingness to pay for medicinal plant protection in the region. The questionnaire was designed in two parts: socio-economic characteristics of people (age, gender, level of education, occupation, number of family members, income, and other characteristics of the respondents) and questions related to the willingness to pay of the respondents. Sampling was done by simple random sampling among residents of the Salas Babajani region in 2016. Cochran's formula from 353 questionnaires determined the number of samples. The logit model was used to measure people's willingness to pay, and the parameters were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method.Results: The results showed that 64% of the interviewees were men and 36% were women. The average age of the respondents is 27.88 years, the average household size is 4.46, and their minimum and maximum household sizes are one person and ten people, respectively. The results also showed that more than 76% of people (269 samples) are willing to pay an amount to protect and restore medicinal plants. The average willingness of each person to pay annually for the protection and restoration of medicinal plants is equal to 5269 Tomans (according to the average household size (4.46 people) equal to 23500 Tomans for each household per year). The variables of household size and the suggested price have a significant negative effect with 95% confidence. The variables of income, gender, level of education, supporting the protection of natural resources (interest in the environment), and knowledge of the protection of medicinal plants and its relationship with sustainable development (knowledge and awareness of environmental protection) are among the most important positive influencing factors with 95% confidence on people's willingness to pay for the protection of medicinal plants. The variables of age, marital status, occupation, membership in environmental organizations, and environmental attitudes and tendencies did not affect the acceptance of the suggested price for medicinal plants conservation value. The Likelihood Ratio statistic (280.39) shows that the changes explained by the logit model are significant at a level higher than one percent. The estimated model's correct prediction percentage is also 75%. Since the percentage of correct prediction for the logit model is equal to 70%, the percentage of correct prediction obtained in this model seems favorable. Therefore, this model is reliable for further analysis. McFadden's coefficient of determination also shows that the model's explanatory variables explain well (about 0.87) the changes in the dependent variable.Conclusion: In terms of management, this study achieved promising results because it shows that the people of society are aware of the importance of protecting medicinal plants, and there is a desire to pay significantly for the protection and restoration of these valuable resources. Therefore, it is suggested that the government pay more attention to public participation to protect, revive, and develop medicinal plants in the forest areas of the study area.

Protected areas are among the renewable natural resources that have a special position due to having many environmental values. The model of environmental destruction is one of the methods of evaluating the effects of the environment, which analyzes and quantitatively determines the effects of human activities on the regional scale or watershed or any type of management unit. The purpose of this research is environmental impact assessment of development using the destruction model and geographic information system (GIS) in the Ashtrankooh protected area. First, Ashtrankooh protected area was divided into 554 grids and using field observations, opinions of experts and local people, and available information and maps, the number 11 factors of destruction were identified and their severity was determined. Then, the ecological vulnerability and physiological density were calculated and then the destructive coefficients were obtained using the destruction relationship. Then, the ecological vulnerability and physiological density were calculated and then the destruction coefficients were obtained using the destructive relationship. Finally, all the networks were divided into 4 zones based on the fuzzy theory, with the ability to develop more, in need of reconstruction, in need of protective measures, and non-developable. According to the final results, out of a total of 554 networks, 524 networks, which is equivalent to 94.58% of the area of the Ashtrankooh protected area, are susceptible to further development, 28 networks, which is equivalent to 5.06% of the studied area, need to be reconstructed and 2 networks, which are equivalent to 36. It occupies 0.36% of the protected area of Ashtrankooh, they need protective actions. According to the results, it seems that with the continuation of the current trend, there is a possibility that the intensity of development and economic activities will exceed the capacity and natural power of the region's environment, in which case it will be very difficult to restore it to its original state. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the implementation of large-scale development projects that have a destructive effect in areas that cannot be developed or need reconstruction.